COPD and Lungs

COPD and Co-Morbidities

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Comorbidities such as cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, and psychological disorders are commonly reported in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but with great variability. Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for many of these comorbidities as well as for COPD, making it difficult to draw conclusions about the relationship between COPD and these comorbidities. Epidemiological studies and large clinical trials have helped us to understand the importance of comorbidities .However; recent large epidemiologic studies have confirmed the independent detrimental effects of these comorbidities on patients with COPD. Many of these comorbidities are now considered to be part of the commonly prevalent to COPD. The common ground between most of these extra pulmonary manifestations is chronic systemic inflammation.